Hexahydrocannabinol (HHC) and related substances

Lisbon
17.04.2023
Series type: Technical reports

Introduction

The markets for hexahydrocannabinol (HHC) and related semi-synthetic cannabinoids (SSC) are rapidly evolving areas with relatively limited information currently available. The European situation presented in Section 1 can only provide an overview and will necessarily be incomplete, it also serves to highlight the need for close monitoring. During 2023, a number of developments, such as reports of important law enforcement seizures and changes in legal status, have already taken place in some countries and, where possible, updates have been included.

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Table of contents

  • Section 1. HHC and the European drug market
    • 1.1 Purpose
    • 1.2 Background
      • 1.2.1 Δ8-tetrahydrocannabinol
    • 1.3 HHC situation in Europe
    • 1.4 Other SSCs in Europe
    • 1.5. Areas for priority monitoring and research
  • Section 2. Technical review on HHC and related substances
    • 2.1 Summary
    • 2.2. A brief history of recent hemp regulation in the United States
    • 2.3. Chemical and physical properties, methods, and precursors used for manufacture or extraction of HHC
      • 2.3.1 Background
      • 2.3.2 Names and structure
      • 2.3.3 Physical properties
      • 2.3.4 Representative substances containing the hexahydrocannabinol core
      • 2.3.5 Methods and chemical precursors used for the manufacture or extraction
      • 2.3.6. Other chemical aspects
      • 2.3.7. Methods for identification and analysis
      • 2.3.8 Dosage regimens
    • 2.4. Legitimate use of HHC
      • 2.5. Pharmacological and toxicological properties of HHC
      • 2.5.1 Summary
      • 2.5.2 Pharmacodynamics
      • 2.5.3 Psychological and behavioural effects
      • 2.5.4 Safety pharmacology
      • 2.5.5 Pharmacokinetics
      • 2.5.6 Toxicology
      • 2.5.7 Abuse liability and dependence producing potential
    • 2.6 Related substances
      • 2.6.1 Homologues of HHC and other hydrogenated cannabinoid analogues of HHC
      • 2.6.2 Acetate esters of HHC, and representative tetrahydrocannabinol isomers
      • 2.6.3. Esters of related tetrahydrocannabinoids
Cover of the technical report on Hexahydrocannabinol (HHC) and related substances
Pub. Author:
EMCDDA
Pub. Coauthor:
István Ujváry
Pages:
106
Price:
Free
ISBN:
978-92-9497-855-4
Pub. DOI:
10.2810/852912
Catalog Number:
TD-09-23-153-EN-N

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